## 安装 ### 1.挂载 将根磁盘挂载到/mnt/genoo ### 2.stage3 1. 关于stage包的区别
multilib 32 and 64 尽可能的使用64位库,必要时兼容32
no-multilib (纯64位) 除非必要 否则不要使用
Openrc 一个简洁的init系统
systemd 比openrc臃肿但通用
2. 解压stage3 tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner 3. 创建/mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf 4. 更改/mnt/gentoo/etc/gentoo/portage/make.conf 5. 二进制配置/mnt/gentoo/etc/gentoo/portage/binrepos.conf/gentoobinhost.conf 6. 挂载文件系统 - /proc是伪文件系统 由linux内核生成 挂载到/mnt/proc - /sys是伪文件系统 类似/proc 更结构化 - /dev是包含全部设备文件的常规文件系统 一部分由linux设备管理器(通常是udev) 管理 /proc是挂载 /sys /dev /run是绑定挂载 例如 /mnt/sys就是sys(同一个文件系统的第二个条目) 而/mnt/proc(可以说)是文件系统的新挂载 mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev mount --bind /run /mnt/gentoo/run mount --make-slave /mnt/gentoo/run 7. chroot chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash source /etc/profile export PS1="(chroot) &{PS1}" 8. emerge sync emerge --sync 9. eselect eselect news list eselect news read eselect profile list eselect profile set [number] 10. 配置use emerge --info |grep ^USE #查看默认use vi /etc/portage/make.conf 11. emerge update emerge --ask --verbose --update --deep --newuse @world 12. 时区 1. openrc echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data 2. systemd ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 13. locale /etc/locale.gen zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 locale-gen 14. eselect locale eselect locale list #找到zh_CN.utf8 eselect locale set 15. 内核 emerge linux-firmware emerge gentoo-sources emerge genkernel time genkernel all 16. rc emerge dhcpcd emerge networkmanager emerge syslog-ng emerge cronie emerge virtual/sshd rc-update add dhcpcd default rc-update add syslog-ng default rc-update add sshd default rc-update add cronie default emerge sudo useradd -m donjuan passwd donjuan 17. grub emerge sys-boot/grub grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --removable grub-mkconfig -o /boot 18. umount umount /mnt/gentoo/dev umount /mnt/gentoo/proc umount /mnt/gentoo/efi umount /mnt/gentoo 19. kde emerge dev-libs/plasma-wayland-protocols-1.10.0 emerge dev-libs/wayland-1.22.0 emerge dev-libs/wayland-protocols-1.32 emerge sddm emerge plasma-meta emerge kde-plasma/kwalletmanager 20. display-manager 注意 也可以直接用dbus启动 dbus-launch startplasma-wayland 使用sddm emerge gui-libs/display-manager-init vi /etc/conf.d/xdm vi /etc/conf.d/display-manager -> DISPLAYMANAGER="sddm" sudo rc-update add sddm default 21. fcitx echo 'app-i18n/fcitx-configtool kcm' > /etc/portage/package.use/fcitx-configtool emerge fcitx fcitx-rime fcitx-configtools 在键盘->虚拟键盘 选择fcitx5 在输入法->添加输入法 添加中州韵 1. /etc/environment # # This file is parsed by pam_env module # # Syntax: simple "KEY=VAL" pairs on separate lines # QT_IM_MODULE="fcitx" GTK_IM_MODULE="fcitx" XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx" emerge fcitx fcitx-libpinyin fcitx-qt5 kcm-fcitx libpinyin 22. 服务启动 sudo emerge alsa-utils sudo emerge alsa-plugins sudo rc-update add udev sysinit sudo rc-update add elogind boot sudo rc-update add dbus default sudo rc-update add alsasound boot sudo rc-update add Networkmanager default 23. kde dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-wayland ### 3.grub emerge grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 grub install --target=x86_64-efi --removable --efi-directory=/boot/EFI # EFI 1. sys-boot/os-prober GRUB 可以在运行 grub-mkconfig 命令时检测到其他操作系统并生成启动项 emerge --ask --newuse sys-boot/os-prober ### 4.网络 1. 静态ip /etc/dhcpcd.conf static ip_address=192.168.0.10/24 static routers=192.168.0.1 static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1 ### 5.时间 sudo emerge net-misc/chrony rc-update add chronyd default ## Chroot安装 ## 后续 ## 23.0版本更新 默认合并了/usr (merged-usr) 在profile中 旧版本需要选择 split-usr Select the 23.0 profile corresponding to your current profile, either using "eselect profile" or by manually setting the profile symlink. Note that old profiles are by default split-usr and the 23.0 profiles by default merged-usr. Do NOT change directory scheme now, since this will mess up your system! Instead, make sure that the new profile has the same property: for example, OLD default/linux/amd64/17.1 ==> NEW default/linux/amd64/23.0/split-usr (added "split-usr") OLD default/linux/amd64/17.1/systemd/merged-usr ==> NEW default/linux/amd64/23.0/systemd (removed "merged-usr") ## fcitx-rime切换为简体 F4选择即可 ## fcitx ## 注意 更新后记得执行 因为gentoo有时更新会换一些库的位置 dispatch-conf可以帮助你迁移配置文件 dispatch-conf ## 部分包配置 ### www-client/google-chrome 安装好后在chrome://flags中Preferred Ozone platform选择wayland ## portage ## emerge ### 仓库更新 emerge --sync # 更新仓库 ### 删除包 emerge --unmerge/-C package # 危险 会直接删除此软件包且可能破坏系统 emerge --deselect package # 从@world中移除但不卸载 emerge --depclean/-c # 删除软件包与依赖 emerge -cvp --with-bdeps=y --deep # 深度清理 ### 搜索包 emerge --search package # 搜索包名 emerge --searchdesc package # 搜索包的描述 ### 安装包 emerge package emerge --pretend package # 查看依赖 emerge --fetchonly package # 仅下载源代码至/var/cache/distfiles emerge =package-version # 安装指定版本 emerge -1 # 不加入@world emerge -v1nt @set # 安装set集合的包并且不加入world ### 系统更新 emerge --update --deep --newuse @world ### 包信息查询 emerge -vp package 你将会看到 类似于 [ebuild rR ] kde-plasma/plasma-desktop-6.2.4:6::gentoo USE="handbook screencast sdl semantic-desktop -debug -ibus -scim -test -webengine" INPUT_DEVICES="-wacom" 0 KiB 其中在[]里 N new包 S SLOT安装(并排版本) U 更新 D 降级 r 重新安装(由于某种原因被强制安装) R 替换(重新安装相同的版本) I 交互式 B 由于未解决的冲突被block b 被block 但是自动解决冲突 其中在USE后 -USE 没有激活这个USE USE* 状态转换 UES% 新增加的或减少的 (USE) 强制的 {} 被绑定于FEATURES ### 指定根 emerge --root=DIR # 指定ROOT env emerge --sysroot=DIR # 指定SYSROOT env ### 清理缓存 eclean-dist ### 查看USE说明 安装gentoolkit equery uses emacs * Found these USE flags for app-editors/emacs-29.4: U I + + X : Add support for X11 - - Xaw3d : Add support for the 3d athena widget set + + acl : Add support for Access Control Lists + + alsa : Add support for media-libs/alsa-lib (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) - - athena : Enable the MIT Athena widget set (x11-libs/libXaw) + + cairo : Enable support for the cairo graphics library + + dbus : Enable dbus support for anything that needs it (gpsd, gnomemeeting, etc) + + dynamic-loading : Enable loading of dynamic libraries (modules) at runtime - - games : Support shared score files for games .... ### 二进制包操作 emerge -g # 从远程下载二进制包 若没有则编译 emerge -G # 从远程下载二进制包 若没有则报错 ### 报错 1. mask
~arch keyword 该软件没有经过充分的测试 不能进入稳定分支 请等待一段时间后尝试使用
-arch keyword or -* keyword 该软件不能在目标机器的架构中工作 如果情况并非如此
missing keyword 该软件至今还没有在机器的架构中进行过测试 可以咨询相应架构移植小组是否能对它进行测试 查看 /etc/portage/package.acceptkeywords 和接受单个软件包的关键字
package.mask 发现该包已损坏或其他问题 被故意标记为请勿使用
profile 该软件不适合当前proifle
license 不兼容license
2. USE portage提示USE需要更改 The following USE changes are necessary to proceed: #required by app-text/happypackage-2.0, required by happypackage (argument) >=app-text/feelings-1.0.0 test 遇到这种情况 请到/etc/portage/package.use设置包 3. 循环依赖 !!! Error: circular dependencies: ebuild / net-print/cups-1.1.15-r2 depends on ebuild / app-text/ghostscript-7.05.3-r1 ebuild / app-text/ghostscript-7.05.3-r1 depends on ebuild / net-print/cups-1.1.15-r2 此时应该静待portage更新并反馈bug 4. profile保护 !!! Trying to unmerge package(s) in system profile. 'sys-apps/portage' !!! This could be damaging to your system. 您要求移除系统核心软件包中的一个 它是您的profile中所列出的必需的软件 因此不能从系统中移除 5. 测试版本 类似于 masked by: ~amd64 keyword 此时编籍/etc/portage/package.acceptkeywords/package 并添加xxx/package ~amd64 6. Block 示例 [ebuild N ] x11-libs/xcb-imdkit-1.0.9 [ebuild NS ] app-i18n/fcitx-5.1.10 [4.2.9.8] USE="emoji%* keyboard%* server%* wayland%* -doc% -presage% -systemd%" [blocks B ] app-i18n/fcitx:4 ("app-i18n/fcitx:4" is soft blocking app-i18n/fcitx-5.1.10) [blocks B ] app-i18n/fcitx:5 ("app-i18n/fcitx:5" is soft blocking app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9.8) * Error: The above package list contains packages which cannot be * installed at the same time on the same system. (app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9.8:4/4::gentoo, installed) pulled in by >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/kcm-fcitx-0.5.6:4-plasma5/4-plasma5::gentoo, installed) USE="" ABI_X86="(64)" >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/fcitx-rime-0.3.2-r1:4/4::gentoo, installed) USE="" ABI_X86="(64)" >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/fcitx-qt5-1.2.5:4/4::gentoo, installed) USE="" ABI_X86="(64)" >=app-i18n/fcitx-4.2.9:4 required by (app-i18n/fcitx-libpinyin-0.5.4:4/4::gentoo, installed) USE="-dictionary-manager" ABI_X86="(64)" (app-i18n/fcitx-5.1.10:5/5::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by fcitx For more information about Blocked Packages, please refer to the following section of the Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook (architecture is irrelevant): https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Portage#Blocked_packages 7. 解决方案 为了使安装得以继续进行，您可以选择不安装这个软件包，或者先将发生冲突的包卸载。 你也可能会遇到某些特定版本的包被屏蔽的情况，比如rc1-r2。在这种情况下，升级到一个更新的版本就能解决问题。 ## gentoolkit 安装 emerge gentoolkit ### equery 查看依赖于这个包的所有包 equery depends -D package 查看这个包依赖什么包 equery depgraph package ## 配置文件 ## sys ### /etc/portage/make.conf # These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically # built this stage. # Please consult /usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example for a more # detailed example. COMMON_FLAGS="-O2 -pipe" CFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}" CXXFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}" FCFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}" FFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}" FEATURES="${FEATURES} binpkg-request-signature buildpkg" # NOTE: This stage was built with the bindist Use flag enabled ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~amd64" # This sets the language of build output to English. # Please keep this setting intact when reporting bugs. LC_MESSAGES=C.utf8 #GENTOO_MIRRORS="rsync://127.0.0.1/repo/gentoo/" GENTOO_MIRRORS="rsync://mirror.nju.edu.cn/gentoo/" USE="-gnome screencast wayland qt5 kde dvd cdr acl alsa jack pulseaudio bluetooth wayland browser-integration discover networkmanager pipewire screencast plasma grub gstreamer " VIDEO_CARDS="amdgpu radeonsi" MAKEOPTS="-j8" # ccache #FEATURES="ccache -test" #CCACHE_DIR="/var/cache/ccache" GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64" ACCEPT_LICENSE="*" ALSA_CARDS="hda_intel" L10N="en-US zh-CN en zh" ABI_X86="32 64" ### /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf [DEFAULT] main-repo = gentoo [gentoo] location = /var/db/repos/gentoo sync-type = rsync #sync-uri = rsync://127.0.0.1/repo/gentoo-portage sync-uri = rsync://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gentoo-portage auto-sync = yes sync-rsync-verify-jobs = 1 sync-rsync-verify-metamanifest = no sync-rsync-verify-max-age = 24 sync-openpgp-key-path = /usr/share/openpgp-keys/gentoo-release.asc sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-count = 40 sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-overall-timeout = 1200 sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-exp-base = 2 sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-max = 60 sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-mult = 4 sync-webrsync-verify-signature = no ### /etc/portage/binrepos.conf/gentoobinhost.conf # These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically # built this stage. # Please consider using a local mirror. [gentoobinhost] priority = 1 sync-uri = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gentoo/releases/amd64/binpackages/23.0/x86-64 ### /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo-zh.conf # created by eselect-repo [gentoo-zh] location = /var/db/repos/gentoo-zh sync-type = git sync-uri = https://github.com/microcai/gentoo-zh.git ### /etc/genkernel.conf NICE=19 # Add DMRAID support DMRAID="yes" # Add SSH support #SSH="no" # Add b2sum support #B2SUM="no" # Include busybox in the initramfs. If included, busybox is rebuilt # if the cached copy is out of date. #BUSYBOX="yes" # Add MDRAID support #MDADM="no" # Specify a custom mdadm.conf. # By default the initramfs will be built *without* an mdadm.conf and will auto-detect # arrays during bootup. Usually, this should not be needed. #MDADM_CONFIG="/etc/mdadm.conf" # Add Multipath support #MULTIPATH="no" # Add iSCSI support #ISCSI="no" # Add e2fsprogs support #E2FSPROGS="no" # Include support for unionfs #UNIONFS="no" # Include support for zfs volume management. If unset, genkernel will attempt # to autodetect and enable this when rootfs is on zfs. #ZFS="no" # Add BTRFS support #BTRFS="no" # Add xfsprogs support #XFSPROGS="no" # Install firmware onto root filesystem # Will conflict with sys-kernel/linux-firmware package #FIRMWARE_INSTALL="no" # Include full contents of FIRMWARE_DIR # (if FIRMWARE option below is set to YES). #ALLFIRMWARE="no" # Add firmware(s) to initramfs required by copied modules #FIRMWARE="no" # Specify directory to pull from #FIRMWARE_DIR="/lib/firmware" # Specify a comma-separated list of firmware files or directories to include, # relative to FIRMWARE_DIR (if FIRMWARE option above is set to YES # and ALLFIRMWARE is set to NO). #FIRMWARE_FILES="" # Add new kernel to grub # Possible values: empty/"no", "grub", "grub2" #BOOTLOADER="no" # Use sandbox when building initramfs #SANDBOX="yes" # Embed and set font early on boot # Possible values: empty/"none", "current", #BOOTFONT="none" # Add boot splash using splashutils #SPLASH="no" # Use this splash theme. If commented out - the "default" name theme is used. # Also, SPLASH="yes" needs to be enabled for this one to work. # This supersedes the "SPLASH_THEME" option in '/etc/conf.d/splash'. #SPLASH_THEME="gentoo" # Includes or excludes Plymouth from the initramfs. If "splash" is # passed at boot, Plymouth will be activated. #PLYMOUTH="no" # Embeds the given plymouth theme in the initramfs. #PLYMOUTH_THEME="text" # Run "emerge @module-rebuild" automatically when possible and necessary # after kernel and modules have been compiled #MODULEREBUILD="yes" # Run the specified command in the current environment after the kernel and # modules have been compiled, useful to rebuild external kernel module # (see MODULEREBUILD above) or installing additional # files (use 'copy_image_with_preserve dtb path/to/dtb dtb ') #CMD_CALLBACK="" # =========KEYMAP SETTINGS========= # # Force keymap selection at boot #DOKEYMAPAUTO="no" # Enables keymap selection support #KEYMAP="yes" # =========LOW LEVEL COMPILE SETTINGS========= # # Assembler to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-as command line # option. #KERNEL_AS="as" # Archiver to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-ar command line # option. #KERNEL_AR="ar" # Compiler to use for the kernel (e.g. distcc). See also the --kernel-cc # command line option. #KERNEL_CC="gcc" # Linker to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-ld command line option. #KERNEL_LD="ld" # NM utility to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-nm command line option. #KERNEL_NM="nm" # GNU Make to use for kernel. See also the --kernel-make command line option. #KERNEL_MAKE="make" # objcopy utility to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-objcopy command # line option. #KERNEL_OBJCOPY="objcopy" # objdump utility to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-objdump command # line option. #KERNEL_OBJDUMP="objdump" # ranlib utility to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-ranlib command # line option. #KERNEL_RANLIB="ranlib" # readelf utility to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-readelf command # line option. #KERNEL_READELF="readelf" # strip utility to use for the kernel. See also the --kernel-strip command line # option. #KERNEL_STRIP="strip" # Assembler to use for the utilities. See also the --utils-as command line # option. #UTILS_AS="as" # Archiver to use for the utilities. See also the --utils-ar command line # option. #UTILS_AR="ar" # C Compiler to use for the utilities (e.g. distcc). See also the --utils-cc # command line option. #UTILS_CC="gcc" # C++ Compiler to use for the utilities (e.g. distcc). See also the --utils-cxx # command line option. #UTILS_CXX="g++" # Linker to use for the utilities. See also the --utils-ld command line # option. #UTILS_LD="ld" # NM utility to use for the utilities. See also the --utils-nm command line option. #UTILS_NM="nm" # GNU Make to use for the utilities. See also the --utils-make command line # option. #UTILS_MAKE="make" # Target triple (i.e. aarch64-linux-gnu) to build for. If you do not # cross-compile, leave blank for auto detection. #CROSS_COMPILE="" # Target triple (i.e. aarch64-linux-gnu) to build kernel for. Utilities will be # built for the native target, not this target. If you do not cross-compile, # leave blank. #KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE="" # Override default make target (bzImage). See also the --kernel-target # command line option. Useful to build a uImage on arm. #KERNEL_MAKE_DIRECTIVE_OVERRIDE="fooImage" # Override default kernel binary path. See also the --kernel-binary # command line option. Useful to install a uImage on arm. #KERNEL_BINARY_OVERRIDE="arch/foo/boot/bar" # =========GENKERNEL LOCATION CONFIGURATION========= # # Variables: # %%ARCH%% - Final determined architecture # %%CACHE%% - Final determined cache location # Set genkernel's temporary work directory #TMPDIR="/var/tmp/genkernel" # Set the boot directory, default is /boot #BOOTDIR="/boot" # Default share directory location GK_SHARE="${GK_SHARE:-/usr/share/genkernel}" # Location of the default cache CACHE_DIR="/var/cache/genkernel" # Location of DISTDIR, where our source tarballs are stored DISTDIR="${GK_SHARE}/distfiles" # Log output file LOGFILE="/var/log/genkernel.log" # Debug Level LOGLEVEL=1 # =========COMPILED UTILS CONFIGURATION========= # # Default location of kernel source DEFAULT_KERNEL_SOURCE="/usr/src/linux" # Default kernel config (only use to override using # arch/%%ARCH%%/kernel-config-${VER}.${PAT} !) #DEFAULT_KERNEL_CONFIG="${GK_SHARE}/arch/%%ARCH%%/kernel-config" # Specifies a user created busybox config #BUSYBOX_CONFIG="/path/to/file" # NOTE: Since genkernel 3.4.41 the version of # busybox, lvm, mdadm, ... have been moved to # /usr/share/genkernel/defaults/software.sh in order to # reduce the merging you have to do during etc-update. # You can still override these settings in here. # =========MISC KERNEL CONFIGURATION========= # # Set kernel filename which will be used when kernel will be installed # into BOOTDIR. See man page to learn more about available placeholders. #KERNEL_FILENAME="vmlinuz-%%KV%%" # Set kernel symlink name which will be used when kernel will be installed # into BOOTDIR and SYMLINK option is enabled #KERNEL_SYMLINK_NAME="kernel" # This option will set kernel option CONFIG_LOCALVERSION. # Use special value "UNSET" to unset already set CONFIG_LOCALVERSION. #KERNEL_LOCALVERSION="-%%ARCH%%" # This option is only valid if kerncache is # defined. If there is a valid kerncache no checks # will be made against a kernel source tree. #KERNEL_SOURCES="yes" # Build a static (monolithic kernel) #BUILD_STATIC="no" # Make and install kernelz image (PowerPC) #GENZIMAGE="no" # Archive file created using tar containing kernel binary, content # of /lib/modules and the kernel config. # NOTE: Archive is created before the callbacks are run! #KERNCACHE="/path/to/file.tar.xz" # Prefix to kernel module destination, modules # will be installed in /lib/modules #KERNEL_MODULES_PREFIX="" # =========MISC INITRAMFS CONFIGURATION========= # # Set initramfs filename which will be used when initramfs will be # installed into BOOTDIR. See man page to learn more about available # placeholders. #INITRAMFS_FILENAME="initramfs-%%KV%%.img" # Set initramfs symlink name which will be used when initramfs will be # installed into BOOTDIR and SYMLINK option is enabled #INITRAMFS_SYMLINK_NAME="initramfs" # Copy all compiled kernel modules to the initramfs #ALLRAMDISKMODULES="no" # Copy selected modules to the initramfs based on arch-specific modules_load file #RAMDISKMODULES="yes" # Archive file created using tar containing kernel and initramfs. # NOTE: No modules outside of the initramfs will be included! #MINKERNPACKAGE="/path/to/file.tar.xz" # Add additional modules to the initramfs using the module groups defined # in /usr/share/genkernel/defaults/modules_load (see this file for # more details). This would be used if, for example, you # required an additional crypto module or network device at boot # time and did not want to statically compile these in the kernel. # Options take the form AMODULES_{group} where {group} is one of # the groups in modules_load (which are in the form MODULES_{group}). # Use this with caution. #AMODULES_group="module-to-include another-module" # Override the default modules in the initramfs, for a given group, as defined by # /usr/share/genkernel/defaults/modules_load and the per-arch modules_load # files. You PROBABLY want to use AMODULES_* above, and NOT MODULES_* here. # If you use MODULES_* here, the default and per-arch modules will NOT be used. #MODULES_group1="some-module" #MODULES_group2="" # Load no modules for this group # Override the default used linuxrc script. #LINUXRC="/path/to/custom/linuxrc" # Archive file created using tar containing modules after # the callbacks have run #MODULESPACKAGE="/path/to/file.tar.xz" # Directory structure to include in the initramfs, # only available on >=2.6 kernels #INITRAMFS_OVERLAY="" # Build the generated initramfs into the kernel instead of # keeping it as a separate file #INTEGRATED_INITRAMFS="no" # Compress generated initramfs #COMPRESS_INITRD="yes" # Types of compression: best, xz, lzma, bzip2, gzip, lzop, lz4, zstd, fastest # "best" selects the best available compression method # "fastest" selects the fastest available compression method #COMPRESS_INITRD_TYPE="best" # wrap initramfs using mkimage for u-boot bootloader # WRAP_INITRD=no # Create a self-contained env in the initramfs #NETBOOT="no" # =========MISC BOOT CONFIGURATION========= # # Specify a default for real_root= #REAL_ROOT="/dev/one/two/gentoo" ### /etc/portage/savedconfig #### x11-wm/dwm ## doc ### /var/db/repos/gentoo/profiles/use.desc # Copyright 1999-2025 Gentoo Authors # Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2 # Keep them sorted X - Add support for X11 Xaw3d - Add support for the 3d athena widget set a52 - Enable support for decoding ATSC A/52 streams used in DVD aac - Enable support for MPEG-4 AAC Audio aalib - Add support for media-libs/aalib (ASCII-Graphics Library) accessibility - Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library) acl - Add support for Access Control Lists acpi - Add support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface adns - Add support for asynchronous DNS resolution afs - Add OpenAFS support (distributed file system) alsa - Add support for media-libs/alsa-lib (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) ao - Use libao audio output library for sound playback apache2 - Add Apache2 support aqua - Include support for the Mac OS X Aqua (Carbon/Cocoa) GUI asm - Enable using assembly for optimization atm - Enable Asynchronous Transfer Mode protocol support apparmor - Enable support for the AppArmor application security system appindicator - Build in support for notifications using the libindicate or libappindicator plugin audiofile - Add support for libaudiofile where applicable audit - Enable support for Linux audit subsystem using sys-process/audit avif - Add AV1 Image Format (AVIF) support bash-completion - Enable bash-completion support berkdb - Add support for sys-libs/db (Berkeley DB for MySQL) bidi - Enable bidirectional language support big-endian - Big-endian toolchain support bindist - Flag to enable or disable options for prebuilt (GRP) packages (eg. due to licensing issues) blas - Add support for the virtual/blas numerical library bluetooth - Enable Bluetooth Support branding - Enable Gentoo specific branding brotli - Enable Brotli compression support build - !!internal use only!! DO NOT SET THIS FLAG YOURSELF!, used for creating build images and the first half of bootstrapping [make stage1] bzip2 - Enable bzip2 compression support cairo - Enable support for the cairo graphics library calendar - Add support for calendars (not using mcal!) caps - Use Linux capabilities library to control privilege cdb - Add support for the CDB database engine from the author of qmail cdda - Add Compact Disk Digital Audio (Standard Audio CD) support cddb - Access cddb servers to retrieve and submit information about compact disks cdinstall - Copy files from the CD rather than asking the user to copy them, mostly used with games cdr - Add support for CD writer hardware cgi - Add CGI script support cjk - Add support for Multi-byte character languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) clamav - Add support for Clam AntiVirus software (usually with a plugin) colord - Support color management using x11-misc/colord connman - Add support for net-misc/connman coreaudio - Build the CoreAudio driver on Mac OS X systems cracklib - Support for cracklib strong password checking crypt - Add support for encryption -- using mcrypt or gpg where applicable css - Enable reading of encrypted DVDs cuda - Enable NVIDIA CUDA support (computation on GPU) cups - Add support for CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) curl - Add support for client-side URL transfer library custom-cflags - Build with user-specified CFLAGS (unsupported) cvs - Enable CVS (Concurrent Versions System) integration cxx - Build support for C++ (bindings, extra libraries, code generation, ...) dbi - Enable dev-db/libdbi (database-independent abstraction layer) support dbm - Add support for generic DBM databases dbus - Enable dbus support for anything that needs it (gpsd, gnomemeeting, etc) debug - Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces dedicated - Add support for dedicated game servers (some packages do not provide clients and servers at the same time) dga - Add DGA (Direct Graphic Access) support for X dist-kernel - Enable subslot rebuilds on Distribution Kernel upgrades djvu - Support DjVu, a PDF-like document format esp. suited for scanned documents doc - Add extra documentation (API, Javadoc, etc). It is recommended to enable per package instead of globally dri - Enable direct rendering: used for accelerated 3D and some 2D, like DMA dts - Enable DTS Coherent Acoustics decoder support dv - Enable support for a codec used by many camcorders dvb - Add support for DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) dvd - Add support for DVDs dvdr - Add support for DVD writer hardware (e.g. in xcdroast) eds - Enable support for Evolution-Data-Server (EDS) egl - Enable EGL (Embedded-System Graphics Library, interfacing between windowing system and OpenGL/GLES) support elogind - Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind emacs - Add support for GNU Emacs emboss - Add support for the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite encode - Add support for encoding of audio or video files examples - Install examples, usually source code exif - Add support for reading EXIF headers from JPEG and TIFF images expat - Enable the use of dev-libs/expat for XML parsing fam - Enable FAM (File Alteration Monitor) support fastcgi - Add support for the FastCGI interface fbcon - Add framebuffer support for the console, via the kernel ffmpeg - Enable ffmpeg/libav-based audio/video codec support fftw - Use FFTW library for computing Fourier transforms filecaps - Use Linux file capabilities to control privilege rather than set*id (this is orthogonal to USE=caps which uses capabilities at runtime e.g. libcap) firebird - Add support for the Firebird relational database flac - Add support for FLAC: Free Lossless Audio Codec fltk - Add support for the Fast Light Toolkit gui interface fontconfig - Support for configuring and customizing font access via media-libs/fontconfig fortran - Add support for fortran freetds - Add support for the TDS protocol to connect to MSSQL/Sybase databases ftp - Add FTP (File Transfer Protocol) support gd - Add support for media-libs/gd (to generate graphics on the fly) gdbm - Add support for sys-libs/gdbm (GNU database libraries) geoip - Add geoip support for country and city lookup based on IPs geolocation - Enable physical position determination ggi - Add support for media-libs/libggi (non-X video api/drivers) gif - Add GIF image support gimp - Build a plugin for the GIMP git - Enable git (version control system) support gles2 - Enable GLES 2.0 (OpenGL for Embedded Systems) support (independently of full OpenGL, see also: gles2-only) gles2-only - Use GLES 2.0 (OpenGL for Embedded Systems) or later instead of full OpenGL (see also: gles2) glut - Build an OpenGL plugin using the GLUT library gmp - Add support for dev-libs/gmp (GNU MP library) gnome - Add GNOME support gnome-keyring - Enable support for storing passwords via gnome-keyring gnuplot - Enable support for gnuplot (data and function plotting) gnutls - Prefer net-libs/gnutls as SSL/TLS provider (ineffective with USE=-ssl) gphoto2 - Add digital camera support gpm - Add support for sys-libs/gpm (Console-based mouse driver) gps - Add support for Global Positioning System graphicsmagick - Build and link against GraphicsMagick instead of ImageMagick (requires USE=imagemagick if optional) graphviz - Add support for the Graphviz library gsl - Use the GNU scientific library for calculations gsm - Add support for the gsm lossy speech compression codec gstreamer - Add support for media-libs/gstreamer (Streaming media) gtk - Add support for x11-libs/gtk+ (The GIMP Toolkit) gtk-doc - Build and install gtk-doc based developer documentation for dev-util/devhelp, IDE and offline use gui - Enable support for a graphical user interface guile - Add support for the guile Scheme interpreter gzip - Compress files with Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77) handbook - Enable handbooks generation for packages by KDE hardened - Activate default security enhancements for toolchain (gcc, glibc, binutils) hddtemp - Enable monitoring of hdd temperature (app-admin/hddtemp) hdf5 - Add support for the Hierarchical Data Format v5 headers-only - Install only C headers instead of whole package. Mainly used by sys-devel/crossdev for toolchain bootstrap. heif - Enable support for ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017 HEIF/HEIC image format hscolour - Include coloured haskell sources to generated documentation (dev-haskell/hscolour) http2 - Enable support for the HTTP/2 protocol ibm - Add support for IBM ppc64 specific systems iconv - Enable support for the iconv character set conversion library icu - Enable ICU (Internationalization Components for Unicode) support, using dev-libs/icu idn - Enable support for Internationalized Domain Names ieee1394 - Enable FireWire/iLink IEEE1394 support (dv, camera, ...) imagemagick - Enable optional support for the ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick image converter imap - Add support for IMAP (Internet Mail Application Protocol) imlib - Add support for imlib, an image loading and rendering library infiniband - Enable Infiniband RDMA transport support initramfs - Include kernel modules in the initramfs, and re-install the kernel (only effective for distribution kernels) inotify - Enable inotify filesystem monitoring support introspection - Add support for GObject based introspection io-uring - Enable the use of io_uring for efficient asynchronous IO and system requests iodbc - Add support for iODBC library ios - Enable support for Apple's iDevice with iOS operating system (iPad, iPhone, iPod, etc) ipod - Enable support for iPod device access ipv6 - Add support for IP version 6 jack - Add support for the JACK Audio Connection Kit java - Add support for Java javascript - Enable javascript support jbig - Enable jbig-kit support for tiff, Hylafax, ImageMagick, etc jemalloc - Use dev-libs/jemalloc for memory management jit - Enable just-in-time compilation for improved performance. May prevent use of some PaX memory protection features in Gentoo Hardened. joystick - Add support for joysticks in all packages jpeg - Add JPEG image support jpeg2k - Support for JPEG 2000, a wavelet-based image compression format jpegxl - Add JPEG XL image support kde - Add support for software made by KDE, a free software community kerberos - Add kerberos support keyring - Enable support for freedesktop.org Secret Service API password store ladspa - Enable the ability to support ladspa plugins lame - Prefer using LAME libraries for MP3 encoding support lapack - Add support for the virtual/lapack numerical library lash - Add LASH Audio Session Handler support latex - Add support for LaTeX (typesetting package) lcms - Add lcms support (color management engine) ldap - Add LDAP support (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) lerc - Add LERC suppport (Limited Error Raster Compression) libass - SRT/SSA/ASS (SubRip / SubStation Alpha) subtitle support libcaca - Add support for colored ASCII-art graphics libedit - Use the libedit library (replacement for readline) libffi - Enable support for Foreign Function Interface library libnotify - Enable desktop notification support libsamplerate - Build with support for converting sample rates using libsamplerate libwww - Add libwww support (General purpose WEB API) lirc - Add support for lirc (Linux's Infra-Red Remote Control) livecd - !!internal use only!! DO NOT SET THIS FLAG YOURSELF!, used during livecd building llvm-libunwind - Use llvm-runtimes/libunwind instead of sys-libs/libunwind lm-sensors - Add linux lm-sensors (hardware sensors) support lto - Enable Link-Time Optimization (LTO) to optimize the build lua - Enable Lua scripting support lz4 - Enable support for lz4 compression (as implemented in app-arch/lz4) lzip - Enable support for lzip compression lzma - Support for LZMA compression algorithm lzo - Enable support for lzo compression m17n-lib - Enable m17n-lib support mad - Add support for mad (high-quality mp3 decoder library and cli frontend) magic - Add support for file type detection via magic bytes (usually via libmagic from sys-apps/file) maildir - Add support for maildir (~/.maildir) style mail spools man - Build and install man pages matroska - Add support for the matroska container format (extensions .mkv, .mka and .mks) mbox - Add support for mbox (/var/spool/mail) style mail spools memcached - Add support for memcached mhash - Add support for the mhash library mikmod - Add libmikmod support to allow playing of SoundTracker-style music files milter - Add sendmail mail filter (milter) support minimal - Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features) mmap - Add mmap (memory map) support mms - Support for Microsoft Media Server (MMS) streams mng - Add support for libmng (MNG images) modplug - Add libmodplug support for playing SoundTracker-style music files modules - Build the kernel modules modules-compress - Install compressed kernel modules (if kernel config enables module compression) modules-sign - Cryptographically sign installed kernel modules (requires CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y in the kernel) mono - Build Mono bindings to support dotnet type stuff motif - Add support for the Motif toolkit mp3 - Add support for reading mp3 files mp4 - Support for MP4 container format mpeg - Add libmpeg3 support to various packages mpi - Add MPI (Message Passing Interface) layer to the apps that support it mplayer - Enable mplayer support for playback or encoding mssql - Add support for Microsoft SQL Server database mtp - Enable support for Media Transfer Protocol multilib - On 64bit systems, if you want to be able to compile 32bit and 64bit binaries musepack - Enable support for the musepack audio codec musicbrainz - Lookup audio metadata using MusicBrainz community service (musicbrainz.org) mysql - Add mySQL Database support mysqli - Add support for the improved mySQL libraries nas - Add support for network audio sound native-extensions - Build native (e.g. C, Rust) extensions in addition to pure (e.g. Python) code (usually speedups) ncurses - Add ncurses support (console display library) neXt - Enable neXt toolkit netcdf - Enable NetCDF data format support networkmanager - Enable net-misc/networkmanager support nis - Support for NIS/YP services nls - Add Native Language Support (using gettext - GNU locale utilities) nntp - Add support for newsgroups (Network News Transfer Protocol) nocd - Install all files required to run the application without a CD mounted nsplugin - Build plugin for browsers supporting the Netscape plugin architecture (that is almost any modern browser) nvenc - Add support for NVIDIA Encoder/Decoder (NVENC/NVDEC) API for hardware accelerated encoding and decoding on NVIDIA cards (requires x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers) ocaml - Add support/bindings for the Ocaml language ocamlopt - Enable ocamlopt support (ocaml native code compiler) -- Produces faster programs (Warning: you have to disable/enable it at a global scale) oci8 - Add Oracle 8 Database Support oci8-instant-client - Use dev-db/oracle-instantclient-basic as Oracle provider instead of requiring a full Oracle server install odbc - Add ODBC Support (Open DataBase Connectivity) offensive - Enable potentially offensive items in packages ofx - Enable support for importing (and exporting) OFX (Open Financial eXchange) data files ogg - Add support for the Ogg container format (commonly used by Vorbis, Theora and flac) openal - Add support for the Open Audio Library opencl - Enable OpenCL support (computation on GPU) openexr - Support for the OpenEXR graphics file format opengl - Add support for OpenGL (3D graphics) openmp - Build support for the OpenMP (support parallel computing), requires >=sys-devel/gcc-4.2 built with USE="openmp" opentype-compat - Convert BDF and PCF bitmap fonts to OTB wrapper format opus - Enable Opus audio codec support oracle - Enable Oracle Database support orc - Use dev-lang/orc for just-in-time optimization of array operations osc - Enable support for Open Sound Control oss - Add support for OSS (Open Sound System) otf - Install OpenType font versions pam - Add support for PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) - DANGEROUS to arbitrarily flip pch - Enable precompiled header support for faster compilation at the expense of disk space and memory pcmcia - Add support for PCMCIA slots/devices found on laptop computers pcre - Add support for Perl Compatible Regular Expressions pda - Add support for portable devices pdf - Add general support for PDF (Portable Document Format), this replaces the pdflib and cpdflib flags perl - Add optional support/bindings for the Perl language php - Include support for the PHP language pie - Build programs as Position Independent Executables (a security hardening technique) plasma - Build optional KDE plasma addons plotutils - Add support for plotutils (library for 2-D vector graphics) png - Add support for libpng (PNG images) policykit - Enable PolicyKit (polkit) authentication support portaudio - Add support for the crossplatform portaudio audio API posix - Add support for POSIX-compatible functions postgres - Add support for the postgresql database postscript - Enable support for the PostScript language (often with ghostscript-gpl or libspectre) ppds - Add support for automatically generated ppd (printing driver) files prefix - Defines if a Gentoo Prefix offset installation is used profile - Add support for software performance analysis (will likely vary from ebuild to ebuild) pulseaudio - Add sound server support via media-libs/libpulse (may be PulseAudio or PipeWire) python - Add optional support/bindings for the Python language qdbm - Add support for the qdbm (Quick Database Manager) library qmail-spp - Add support for qmail SMTP plugins qt5 - Add support for the Qt 5 application and UI framework qt6 - Add support for the Qt 6 application and UI framework quicktime - Add support for OpenQuickTime radius - Add support for RADIUS authentication raw - Add support for raw image formats rdp - Enables RDP/Remote Desktop support readline - Enable support for libreadline, a GNU line-editing library that almost everyone wants recode - Enable support for the GNU recode library rss - Enable support for RSS feeds ruby - Add support/bindings for the Ruby language samba - Add support for SAMBA (Windows File and Printer sharing) sasl - Add support for the Simple Authentication and Security Layer savedconfig - Use this to restore your config from /etc/portage/savedconfig ${CATEGORY}/${PN}. Make sure your USE flags allow for appropriate dependencies scanner - Add support for scanner hardware (e.g. build the sane frontend in kdegraphics) screencast - Enable support for remote desktop and screen cast using PipeWire sctp - Support for Stream Control Transmission Protocol sdl - Add support for Simple Direct Layer (media library) seccomp - Enable seccomp (secure computing mode) to perform system call filtering at runtime to increase security of programs secureboot - Automatically sign efi executables using user specified key selinux - !!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur semantic-desktop - Cross-KDE support for semantic search and information retrieval session - Add persistent session support sid - Enable SID (Commodore 64 audio) file support skey - Enable S/Key (Single use password) authentication support slang - Add support for the slang text display library (it's like ncurses, but different) smartcard - Enable smartcard support smp - Enable support for multiprocessors or multicore systems snappy - Enable support for Snappy compression (as implemented in app-arch/snappy) sndfile - Add support for libsndfile snmp - Add support for the Simple Network Management Protocol if available soap - Add support for SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) sockets - Add support for tcp/ip sockets socks5 - Add support for the socks5 proxy sound - Enable sound support source - Zip the sources and install them sox - Add support for Sound eXchange (SoX) speech - Enable text-to-speech support speex - Add support for the speex audio codec (used for speech) spell - Add dictionary support split-usr - Enable behavior to support maintaining /bin, /lib*, /sbin and /usr/sbin separately from /usr/bin and /usr/lib* sqlite - Add support for sqlite - embedded sql database ssl - Add support for SSL/TLS connections (Secure Socket Layer / Transport Layer Security) startup-notification - Enable application startup event feedback mechanism static - !!do not set this during bootstrap!! Causes binaries to be statically linked instead of dynamically static-libs - Build static versions of dynamic libraries as well strip - Allow symbol stripping to be performed by the ebuild for special files subversion - Enable subversion (version control system) support suid - Enable setuid root program(s) svg - Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) svga - Add support for SVGAlib (graphics library) symlink - Force kernel ebuilds to automatically update the /usr/src/linux symlink syslog - Enable support for syslog systemd - Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking szip - Use the szip compression library taglib - Enable tagging support with taglib tcl - Add support the Tcl language tcmalloc - Use the dev-util/google-perftools libraries to replace the malloc() implementation with a possibly faster one tcpd - Add support for TCP wrappers telemetry - Send anonymized usage information to upstream so they can better understand our users test - Enable dependencies and/or preparations necessary to run tests (usually controlled by FEATURES=test but can be toggled independently) test-install - Install testsuite for manual execution by the user test-rust - Enable important test dependencies that require Rust toolchain theora - Add support for the Theora Video Compression Codec threads - Add threads support for various packages. Usually pthreads tidy - Add support for HTML Tidy tiff - Add support for the TIFF image format time64 - Use 64-bit time_t type instead of the regular 32-bit type. This flag is forced on time64 profiles, and masked elsewhere. It should be only used when detection of type width is not possible (e.g. for SRC_URI) timidity - Build with Timidity++ (MIDI sequencer) support tk - Add support for Tk GUI toolkit truetype - Add support for FreeType and/or FreeType2 fonts ttf - Install TrueType font versions udev - Enable virtual/udev integration (device discovery, power and storage device support, etc) udisks - Enable storage management support (automounting, volume monitoring, etc) uefi - Enable support for the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface unicode - Add support for Unicode unwind - Add support for call stack unwinding and function name resolution upnp - Enable UPnP port mapping support upnp-av - Enable UPnP audio/video streaming support upower - Enable power management support usb - Add USB support to applications that have optional USB support (e.g. cups) v4l - Enable support for video4linux (using linux-headers or userspace libv4l libraries) vaapi - Enable Video Acceleration API for hardware decoding vala - Enable bindings for dev-lang/vala valgrind - Enable annotations for accuracy. May slow down runtime slightly. Safe to use even if not currently using dev-debug/valgrind vanilla - Do not add extra patches which change default behaviour; DO NOT USE THIS ON A GLOBAL SCALE as the severity of the meaning changes drastically vcd - Video CD support vdpau - Enable the Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix acceleration interface verify-sig - Verify upstream signatures on distfiles vhosts - Add support for installing web-based applications into a virtual-hosting environment videos - Install optional video files (used in some games) vim-syntax - Pulls in related vim syntax scripts vnc - Enable VNC (remote desktop viewer) support vorbis - Add support for the OggVorbis audio codec vpx - Add support for VP8/VP9 codecs (usually via media-libs/libvpx) vulkan - Add support for 3D graphics and computing via the Vulkan cross-platform API wavpack - Add support for wavpack audio compression tools wayland - Enable dev-libs/wayland backend webkit - Add support for the WebKit HTML rendering/layout engine webp - Add support for the WebP image format wifi - Enable wireless network functions wmf - Add support for the Windows Metafile vector image format wxwidgets - Add support for wxWidgets/wxGTK GUI toolkit x264 - Enable h264 encoding using x264 xattr - Add support for extended attributes (filesystem-stored metadata) xcb - Support the X C-language Binding, a replacement for Xlib xcomposite - Enable support for the Xorg composite extension xemacs - Add support for XEmacs xface - Add xface support used to allow a small image of xface format to be included in an email via the header 'X-Face' xft - Build with support for XFT font renderer (x11-libs/libXft) xine - Add support for the XINE movie libraries xinerama - Add support for querying multi-monitor screen geometry through the Xinerama API xinetd - Add support for the xinetd super-server xml - Add support for XML files xmlrpc - Support for xml-rpc library xmp - Enable support for Extensible Metadata Platform (Adobe XMP) xmpp - Enable support for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) formerly known as Jabber xosd - Sends display using the X On Screen Display library xpm - Add support for XPM graphics format xscreensaver - Add support for XScreenSaver extension xv - Add in optional support for the Xvideo extension (an X API for video playback) xvid - Add support for xvid.org's open-source mpeg-4 codec zeroconf - Support for DNS Service Discovery (DNS-SD) zip - Enable support for ZIP archives zlib - Add support for zlib compression zsh-completion - Enable zsh completion support zstd - Enable support for ZSTD compression ## packages ### package.use 1. emacs app-editors/emacs libxml2 dynamic-loading json xwidgets 2. ffmpeg media-video/ffmpeg libass opus vpx 3. glibc sys-libs/glibc hash-sysv-compat 4. qbittorrent net-p2p/qbittorrent gui webui 5. wine-proton app-emulation/wine-proton osmesa v4l 6. rust dev-lang/rust clippy doc rust-analyzer rust-src rust-fmt dev-lang/rust-bin clippy rust-src rust-analyzer rustfmt 7. gcc sys-devel/gcc jit 8. libdrm x11-libs/libdrm video_cards_radeon 9. obs-studio meida-video/obs-studio pipewire v4l 10. pipewire \#+beginsrc shell media-video/pipewire gstreamer 11. librime-lua app-i18n/librime-lua lua_single_target_lua5-4 12. app-text/texlive-core app-text/texlive-core cjk xetex ### package.acceptkeywords 1. gentoo-zh/xanmod-kernel sys-kernel/xanmod-kernel ~amd64 ## 应该安装的包 fcitx-gtk ## 问题 - 当遇到编译出错时 可以试着先更新portage包 - 也可以用equery看看出错包的依赖 然后先更新那些包 ## Ebuild ## 标准变量(variables)
P 软件包名称-版本 \({PN}-\){PV} eg. vim-6.3
PN 仅包名称 eg. vim
PV 包版本 eg. 6.3
PR 修订
PVR 版本-修订 \({PV}-\){PR} eg. 6.3-r1
PF 包名称-版本-修订 \({PN}-\){PVR} eg. vim-6.3-r1
A 包所有的源代码文件(不包括USE关闭的)
CATEGORY 包的类别 eg. app-editors/emacs的app-editors
FILESDIR 包目录的files/的文件 用于一些patch或者其他
WORKDIR ebuild根构建目录的路径 eg.${PORTAGEBUILDDIR}/work
T ebuild可能使用的临时目录路径 eg.${PORTAGEBUILDDIR}/temp
D 临时安装目录的路径 eg. ${PORTAGEBUILDDIR}/image
HOME 临时目录的路径 供ebuild调用的任何可你呢个读取或修改主目录的程序用 eg. ${PORTAGEBUILDDIR}/homedir
ROOT 软件包要合并到根目录的绝对路径 仅在pkg*阶段允许
DISTDIR 包含存储为包获取的所有文件的目录的路径
EPREFIX PREFIX安装的规范化PREFIX前缀路径
ED \({D%/}\){EPREFIX}/ 的简写
EROOT \({ROOT%/}\){EPREFIX}/ 的简写
SYSROOT (EAPI=7)包含构建依赖的根目录的绝对路径
ESYSROOT (EAPI=7)\({SYSROOT%/}\){EPREFIX}/ 的简写
BROOT (EAPI=7)包含所满足的构建依赖项的根目录的绝对路径BDEPEND，通常是可执行构建工具。
MERGETYPE 正在合并的软件包类型(类似portage feature的buildpkg): source代表源代码 binary是否安装ebuild构建的二进制包 buildonly仅构建不安装
REPLACINGVERSIONS 此软件包的所有版本(PVR)的空格分格列表
REPLACEDBYVERSION 若此软件包作为安装的一部分被卸载 则返回软件版本(PVR)
## Ebuild定义变量
EAPI EAPI版本
DESCRIPTION (必须)软件包的简短描述 <=80字
HOMEPAGE (必须)软件包主页 缺省值:https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/No_homepage
SRCURI 软件包URI列表
LICENSE 许可
SLOT (必须)包的SLOT
KEYWORDS 包的keywords
IUSE ebuild中所有USE(不包括arch)
REQUIREDUSE 必须满足的USE
PROPERTIES 空格分格的属性列表 支持条件语法 :interactive live testnetwork
RESTRICT 空格分格的要限制的portage功能列表 :fetch mirror strip test userpriv
DEPEND 构建依赖表
BDEPEND (EAPI=7) CBUILD依赖表
RDEPEND 运行时依赖表
PDEPEND 合并后要安装的包列表
S 临时的构建目录路径 由srccompile,srcinstall使用 默认:\({WORKDIR}/\){P}
DOCS srcinstall默认安装的文档文件列表
HTMLDOCS einstalldocs要递归安装的文档列表
### SRCURI 可以条件性的下载源码 SRC_URI = " https://example.com/files/${P}-core.tar.bz2 x86? (https://example.com/files/${P}-sse-asm.tar.bz2) " 也可以重命名 SRC_URI = "https://example.com/files/${PV}.tar.gz -> ${P}.tar.gz" 也可以定义多个下载源 github https://github.com https://ghproxy.net SRC_URI="mirror://github/${PN}/${P}.tar.gz" ### REQUIREDUSE USE关系 如果foo 则不能有bar REQUIRED_USE = " foo? (!bar) " 如果foo 则有必须bar 或 baz 或 quux 至少一个 REQUIRED_USE = "foo? (|| (bar baz quux))" 必须foo bar gaz中至少一个 REQUIRED_USE = "|| (bar baz quux)" 必须foo bar gaz中一个 不能多 REQUIRED_USE = " ^^ （ foo bar baz ）" 必须一个或零个 不能多 REQUIRED_USE = " ?? (a b c)" ## 用户环境 ## skel.ebuild中文 # 版权所有 1999-2025 Gentoo 作者 # 根据 GNU 通用公共许可证 v2 条款分发 # 注意：此文件中的注释仅用于说明和文档。 # 它们不应该出现在你的最终生产 ebuild 中。请 # 记得在提交或确认你的 ebuild 之前删除它们。 # 但并不意味着您不能添加自己的评论。 # EAPI 变量告诉正在使用的 ebuild 格式。 # 建议您使用理事会批准的最新 EAPI。 # PMS 包含所有 EAPI 的规范。Eclasses 将对此进行测试 # 如果他们需要使用并非所有 EAPI 都通用的功能，则变量。 # 如果 eclass 不支持最新的 EAPI，则使用以前的 EAPI。 EAPI=8 # 继承列出要从中继承函数的 eclass。例如，ebuild # 需要 autotools.eclass 中的 eautoreconf 函数将无法工作 # 没有下面这一行： # inherit autotools # # Eclasses 倾向于列出如何正确使用其功能的描述。 # 查看 eclass/ 目录以获取更多示例。 # 该包的简短一行描述。 DESCRIPTION="这是一个示例骨架 ebuild 文件" # 主页，Portage 不直接使用，但方便开发人员参考 HOMEPAGE="https://foo.example.org/" # 指向任何所需的源；这些将由 # 搬运。 SRC_URI="ftp://foo.example.org/${P}.tar.gz" # 源目录；可以找到源的目录（自动 # 解压后）放在 ${WORKDIR} 中。S 的默认值是 ${WORKDIR}/${P} # 如果你不需要改变它，请将 S= 行从 ebuild 中移除 # 保持整洁。 #S="${WORKDIR}/${P}" # 软件包的许可证。这必须与 # licenses/ 目录。对于复杂的许可证组合，请参阅开发者 # 请参阅 gentoo.org 上的文档以了解详细信息。 LICENSE="" # SLOT 变量用于告诉 Portage 是否可以保留多个 # 同时安装同一软件包的多个版本。例如， # 如果我们有 libfoo-1.2.2 和 libfoo-1.3.2（不兼容） # 对于 1.2.2 版本，最好指示 Portage 不要删除 # 如果我们决定升级到 libfoo-1.3.2，则需要使用 libfoo-1.2.2。为此， # 我们在 libfoo-1.2.2 中指定 SLOT="1.2"，在 libfoo-1.3.2 中指定 SLOT="1.3"。 # emerge clean 了解 SLOT，并将保留最新版本 #每个 SLOT 的数量并删除其他所有内容。 # 注意，如果可能的话，普通应用程序应该使用 SLOT="0"，因为 # 一次只能安装一个版本。 # 不要使用 SLOT=""，因为 SLOT 变量不能为空。 SLOT="0" # 使用关键词，我们可以在 ebuild 内部记录屏蔽信息 # 而不是依赖外部的 package.mask 文件。现在，你 # 应该为每个 ebuild 设置 KEYWORDS 变量，以便它包含 # ebuild 适用的所有架构的名称。 # 所有官方架构都可以在 arch.list 文件中找到 # 位于 profiles/ 目录中。通常你应该只设置这个 # 改为“~amd64”。体系结构前面的 ~ 表示 # 软件包是新的，在测试证明之前应该被认为是不稳定的 # 它的稳定性。所以，如果你已经确认你的 ebuild 可以在 # amd64 和 ppc，您需要指定： # 关键词="~amd64 ~ppc" # 一旦软件包稳定下来，~ 前缀就会被删除。 # 对于二进制包，使用 -* 然后列出 bin 包的 archs # 存在。如果该包是针对 x86 二进制包的，那么 # KEYWORDS 应设置如下：KEYWORDS="-* x86" # 不要使用 KEYWORDS="*"；这在 ebuild 上下文中无效。 KEYWORDS="~amd64" # ebuild 中利用的所有 USE 标志的综合列表， # 有一些例外，例如 ARCH 特定标志，如“amd64”或“ppc”。 # 如果 ebuild 不使用任何 USE 标志，则不需要。 IUSE="gnome X" # 以空格分隔的要限制的 portage 功能列表。man 5 ebuild # 了解详细信息。通常不需要。 #RESTRICT="剥离" # 运行时依赖项。必须将其定义为运行所依赖的任何内容。 # 例子： # SSL？（>=dev-libs/openssl-1.0.2q:0=） #>=dev-lang/perl-5.24.3-r1 # 建议使用上面显示的 >= 语法，以反映您 # 在您测试软件包时，它已安装在您的系统上。然后 # 希望其他用户不会因为没有正确版本的 # 依赖项。 #RDEPEND="" # 需要与系统二进制兼容的构建时依赖项 # 正在构建（CHOST）。其中包括我们链接的库。 # 如果需要相同的运行时依赖来编译，则以下内容有效。 #DEPEND="${RDEPEND}" # 在 emerge 过程中执行的构建时依赖项，以及 # 仅需存在于原生构建系统 (CBUILD) 中。例如： #BDEPEND="虚拟/pkgconfig" # 下面的 src_configure 函数是 portage 默认实现的，因此 # 仅当您需要不同的行为时才需要调用它。 #src_configure() { # 大多数开源包使用 GNU autoconf 进行配置。 # 运行 configure 的默认、最快（也是首选）方式是： #econf # # 您可以使用类似于以下几行来 # 在编译之前配置你的包。“|| die”部分 如果命令失败，最后的#将停止构建过程。 # 您应该在构建过程中的关键命令末尾使用它 # 过程。（提示：大多数命令都很关键，例如构建 # 如果不成功，进程应该中止。） #./配置 \ # --host=${CHOST} \ # --prefix=/usr\ # --infodir=/usr/share/info \ # --mandir=/usr/share/man ||死 # 注意上面 --infodir 和 --mandir 的用法。这是为了让 # 此软件包符合 FHS 2.2 标准。更多信息，请参阅 # https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/lsb/fhs #} # 下面的 src_compile 函数是 portage 默认实现的，因此 # 如果您需要不同的行为，您只需调用它。 #src_compile() { # emake 是一个使用并行调用标准 GNU make 的脚本 # 构建选项以实现更快的构建（尤其是在 SMP 系统上）。 # 先尝试 emake。它可能不适用于某些软件包，因为 # 一些 makefile 存在与并行性相关的错误，在这种情况下， # 使用 emake -j1 将 make 限制为单个进程。-j1 是一个 # 向其他人提供视觉线索，表明 makefile 存在错误， # 解决了。 #emake #} # 下面的 src_install 函数是 portage 默认实现的，因此 # 如果您需要不同的行为，您只需调用它。 #src_install() { # 你必须*亲自验证*此技巧是否无法安装 # DESTDIR 之外的任何内容；通过阅读和 # 了解 Makefile 的安装部分。 # 这是首选的安装方式。 #emake DESTDIR="${D}" 安装 # 当你使用 emake 失败时，不要只使用 make。 # 最好修复 Makefile 以允许正确的并行化。 # 如果失败了，请使用“emake -j1”，它仍然比 make 更好。 # 对于没有正确使用 DESTDIR 的 Makefile，设置 # 前缀通常是一种替代方案。但是如果你这样做，那么 # 您还需要指定 mandir 和 infodir，因为它们是 # 传递给 ./configure 作为绝对路径（覆盖前缀 # 环境）。 #emake \ # 前缀="${D}"/usr \ # mandir="${D}" /usr/share/man \ # infodir="${D}"/usr/share/info \ # libdir="${D}"/usr/$(get_libdir) \ ＃ 安装 # 再次验证 Makefile！我们不希望出现任何问题 # 在 ${D} 之外。 #} ## 编写dotnet项目的ebuild 首先我们需要安装gdmt sudo emerge -v dev-dotnet/gentoo-dotnet-maintainer-tools 然后我们安装dotnet-sdk sudo emerge -v dev-dotnet/dotnet-sdk-bin 我们到项目的path 然后执行 gdmt restore -e sdk版本 接下来可以获取NUGET ## 错误 ### ninja: error: manifest 'build.ninja' still dirty after 100 tries, perhaps system time is notset 修改系统时间到未来 ```shell date -s "2094-06-11 15:30:00" ``` ## 二进制包 make.conf ``` FEATURES="${FEATURES} binpkg-request-signature" ``` 运行Getuto ``` getuto ``` ``` cat /etc/portage/gnupg/pass ```